The discourse of ethics is divided into two parts: theoretical ethics and applied ethics. Theoretical ethics and its related issues are discussed in ethics and philosophy of ethics; the analysis of perceptional principles of ethics are discussed in philosophy of ethics and the nature of good and bad behavior and its causes and consequences are discussed in ethics. A mysticism inspired by religious and Islamic teachings is also divided into two branches: theoretical and practical. The doctrines of theoretical mysticism deal with analysis of perceptional principles, while practical mysticism deal with doctrines that are related to the field of ethics and practical behavior. Applied ethics and practical mysticism, regardless of their different theoretical discursive analysis in the field of practice and behavior, enjoy certain commonalities and affinities. The present paper is an attempt to illustrate different aspects of applied ethics in Islamic teachings and also to explain the connections between doctrines of practical ethics and practical mystical doctrines based on Shaia.

This article employs an analytical-descriptive and, to a certain extent, a comparative methodology to examine the prominent views of Muslim philosophers regarding practical reason and its origins as rooted in Aristotle's works. Then, a novel explanation of Avicenna's opinion regarding the cognitive or stimulating nature of practical reason based on his principles of psychology is presented and briefly contrasted with Farabi's opinion. The role of practical reason in Avicennian ethics is subsequently examined in light of the dual meanings of practical wisdom in his works. The findings of this study indicate that Avicenna, based on his foundations in the separation of faculties, never attributed a single action to two faculties in an essential and primary manner. Consequently, the perception of reasonable generalities is an essential act of theoretical reason, and the perception of particulars is an essential act of the animal soul's faculties. Therefore, Avicenna does not consider practical reason to be a cognitive faculty. The essential act of practical reason is the inference of the beauty or ugliness, and goodness or badness of partial acts as evidenced by perceptual faculties. This function of practical reason has a negative preliminary role for practical wisdom as science and a positive, stimulating role for practical wisdom as a virtue. However, one should not overlook the other significant function of practical reason in producing moral propositions generally accepted by the common people.

The relation between ethics and social phenomena could be studding by investigating the roots of professional ethics in social sciences. This article tries to define professional ethics by focusing on it under a social theory. The separation between "morals of professions and their laws" and "ethics and professions as universal law of ethics in all humanistic professions" actually is separation between two kinds of norms in social institutions. Although the first set is generally called professional ethics but those are norms of social groups and the second emphasize at entering the common moral values of human in all professions. In the works of Emile Durkheim we can see the first functions of this explanation. He deduces the concept of professional ethics from the theory of mechanic and organic solidarity. In this theory, ethics is outcome from society. But practical wisdom in Islamic philosophy is the base of ethics. practical wisdom by the rational law of goodness issues the universal law of ethics and by the other side of wisdom which is called strategic reason could overcome the ambiguity of the explanation of professional ethics.

Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, science and technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As science and technology continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If science and technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.

Immanuel Kant presents several formulations of the categorical imperative, first of which is called “ Formula of Universal Law” containing the wellknown generalizability test. Numerous pros and cons have been associated with the nature and application of this formula in the history of moral philosophy, each with its staunch supporters and opponents. In this paper, we will first review the nature of this formula and its position in Kant's moral system. Second, we will evaluate its application in practice and argue that some thinkers have not fully grasped Kant's purpose and have attributed improper defects to this formula. Third, Shelly Kagan's consequential interpretation of the general formula will be investigated to figure out whether it is possible to draw consequential normative sentences from this formula. Finally, we will evaluate alleged criticisms against this formula in the history of moral philosophy in some detail.

Nowadays, continuous environmental changes and the breadth of competition have made sustainability in this turbulent environment crucial for executives. Research has shown that the success of organizations in this regard is not limited to tangible factors, but intangible factors such as professional ethics have a significant impact on the sustainable performance of business enterprises. In this regard, the present study has studied the effect of professional ethics on sustainable performance in two qualitative and quantitative studies (mixed-dual phase series). Accordingly, using the content analysis research project and the study of theoretical foundations and the view of 8 experts in the field of management and ethics, dimensions and indicators of professional ethics were explained using MAXQDA software, then, by distributing a questionnaire among 163 Managers and supervisors of small and medium-sized enterprises producing food products in Tehran, the conceptual model of research was fitted and tested using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS 2 software. Accordingly, by categorizing professional ethics indicators in two dimensions: individual and organizational, it was determined that all the hypotheses based on the effect of each individual and organizational dimension of professional ethics on each dimension of performance Sustainability (environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability) was confirmed at a significant level of 95%.

Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture and ethics of agriculture. ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature and lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific framework derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a conceptual framework for understanding agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical framework to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing and resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals and to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

This article reviews and criticizes Aristotle’ s Eudemian ethics based on Anthony Kenny’ s translation. We have tried to show that morality in Aristotle means living good, and his purpose in writing this work is to find an answer to the question “ what is good life and how we can achieve it” an answer in the virtuous tradition of philosophical environment which he is thinking in. Hence the understanding of the nature of what is happiness based on the understanding of the nature of virtue. After examining all the various virtues, he ultimately defines happiness as "full life activity according to complete virtues" (1219 a, 39) and this main virtue includes all other virtues, namely moral virtue and intellectual virtue. Studying and acquainting with such a book for those interested in ethical studies have this advantage that they can examine some of the ethical issues in society from the scope of virtueism.